Known as the Avenue of the Sphinxes, the 2.7 kilometre (1.7 mile) road was originally built by 18th dynasty Amenhotep III (1387–1349 BC) to connect the temples of Karnak and Luxor. The pharaoh and priests promenaded along this road each year during the Opet festival, carrying the bark and shrine of Amen from the inner sanctum at Karnak to meet his consort Mut at the Temple of Luxor. This religious ceremony, a symbolic re-enactment of the deities’ marriage, was the closest approach the common folk had to the image of the god, even though he always remained shrouded.

The road was subsequently rebuilt by succeeding pharaohs all the way to King Nectanebo of the 30th dynasty (380-362 BC).

Archaeologists has so far unearthed 650 of the 1350 sphinxes believed to have once lined the entire path. Broken remnants of the statues will be restored and relocated to recreate the splendor of the ancient Egyptian civilization when it was the superpower of its day.

Sources: AFP and drhawass.com

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The 10-month Corniche Development Project has been designed by Ain Shams University’s Faculty of Engineering and is being implemented by the army. It is budgeted at LE250 million, LE150 million provided by the Tourism Development Fund and the remaining LE100 million in the form of a European grant.

Due to start in January, the Corniche will be divided into three lanes, two reserved for emergency services and the third for horse drawn carriages. The Corniche will be widened in places up to 14 meters, and several luxurious 100-bed hotels are planned. Floating wooden sidewalks will be provided so pedestrians might feel they are walking on the deck of a boat.

The façades of buildings overlooking the Corniche will be made of sandstone and lit in a manner that makes them appear old. Both Luxor and Karnak temples will front directly on the river, as the ancient Egyptians intended, and be accessed directly from the Nile with docks to allow tourists to disembark. The plan is eventually to restrict transit between the monuments on both banks of the river to feluccas.

On the West Bank a dock is already under construction. When complete, it will be able to handle 10,000 tourists a day. Bus and car parks are also being built, alongside places for camels and horses to be tethered, and bicycles chained.

Al-Ahram

Luxor residents evicted for tourism

Residents living between Luxor and Karnak Temples–along the “Avenue of the Sphinxes” have recently been given three-day eviction notices as heavy machinery is quickly tearing down buildings six days a week.

Late October, the governor of Luxor General Samir Farag reported that  “It is our philosophy now to evacuate the whole city here, between the two temples (Luxor and Karnak) to an area west of the railway line”

Residents say it is not clear how much they will receive for their homes; compensation varies from about LE40,000 to LE60,000, according to several interviews.

Egypt News

Luxor News

Image via Wikipedia

Egyptian archaeologists have discovered a pier used by ancient Egyptians to access the Karnak temple complex during the dry season in the southern city of Luxor. The discovery was further evidence of the importance the complex held in the religious life of ancient Egypt, as other temples had a single dock, according to archaeologist Mansour Boraik, who led the expedition that uncovered the dock.

The pier led to a platform 2.5 metres (yards) by 5 metres, in contrast with a much larger dock used during the flooding season to handle cargo, sacrificial animals and stone blocks.

Reuters

The Karnak temple complex forefront has been transformed. Serenity and divinity is overwhelming present, and a visitor can not only admire Egypt’s Pharaonic history but can go even further to watch feluccas sailing on the Nile and can cross the river to see Hatshepsut’s Deir Al-Bahari Temple and the Valleys of the Kings and Queens on the west bank.

At a cost of LE85 million, and following 18 months of studies and field work, all infringements on the archaeological site have been removed, clearing a plot for further excavation to uncover more of the temples’ archaeological story, especially the ancient harbor and canal that once connected the temples to the Nile. According to an old map, ancient Egyptians used this canal to gain access to the west bank at a position corresponding to the Hatshepsut Temple, which was built on the same axis.

In the meantime, bazaars neighboring the temple walls have been removed and the vacated area has been transformed into a commercial zone with a vast parking area along with a visitor center,

“To implement the project perfectly we had not only to confront the neighboring residents and bazaar owners, who refused to be relocated, but also French archaeologists and UNESCO,” said Samir Farag, head of the Luxor City Council (LCC)

The project, its detractors said, would destroy the context of the Karnak Temples. Francesco Bandarin, director of the UNESCO World Heritage Center, wrote to SCA Secretary-General Zahi Hawass threatening to remove Karnak from the World Heritage List should the project go ahead as planned. Hawass said Bandarin had based his conclusions on conjecture and gossip, and he forwarded a detailed report on the planned project. Afterwards the plan was agreed by all the parties concerned.

Parallel with the implementation of the Karnak development project, the SCA carried out comprehensive excavations on the temple forefront. Egyptologists uncovered a Ptolemaic ceremonial bath, a private ramp built for the 25th-Dynasty Pharaoh Taharqa, a large number of bronze coins, an ancient dock and the remains of a wall that once protected the temples of Karnak from the rising Nile flood.

At night, the temples now have a more dramatic aspect with a special cool-lighting system, installed to illuminate their main features.

A major excavation and reconstruction project is being carried to reconstruct the avenue in Luxor and remove any encroachments on the important historical site. As many as 1,200 sphinxes originally faced each other across the avenue, through which official and religious processions passed for centuries. Now a tourist can experience walking from Karnak to Luxor Temple through the avenue of sphinxes, except for a few meters still in progress.

Future plans for Luxor extend beyond the walls of Karnak. An open-air museum is planned. The extended modern section of the Winter Palace Hotel has been demolished to preserve the town’s 19th-century architectural style. The extension will be rebuilt in a similar style to the main building.

The ferry-shaped edifice of the International Rowing Club has been also built on the Luxor Corniche in order to resurrect Luxor’s international rowing competition, which stopped 15 years ago. A state-of-the-art dock for tourist vessels is in operation so boats can moor there instead of docking along the town Nile Corniche and destroying the Nile view from its eastern bank.

On the west bank, a visitor center has been built by the SCA at the foot of the Valley of the Kings, to provide visitors with all the information necessary about the Valley of the Kings and its 27 royal tombs. Maps hang on the walls, and it contains a huge transparent 3D model of the valley and its causeways and corridors. Two plaza screens show a film about the boy king Tutankhamun and the story behind the find.

All the residents of the old Gurna village — built on top of the ancient Tombs of the Nobles — were relocated to the New Gurna at Al-Taref three kilometers from their former homes.  New Gurna has better houses, with the basic necessities of living that were missing from the old village, a youth center, two schools, a hospital, a modern market, a police station and a telephone and post office, a cultural center with a small cinema, a children’s playground and a football field. The streets are wider than in the old village, and the houses are equipped with running water and are connected to the Luxor sewage system.

Excavations that took place underneath the houses of Old Gurna after it was demolished have so far revealed five more nobles’ tombs.

Excerpted from an article by Nevine El-Aref  for Al-Ahram

A team of noted Egyptologists, educators, architects, and technologists were brought together to develop learning resources related to the Temple at Karnak in Egypt. The project had three primary goals: (1) to assemble databases of information related to Karnak, (2) build an interactive computer model of the site, and (3) create a series of resources using the model and databases that are available online free-of-charge through this website and can be easily used for undergraduate education.